Process and apparatus for making double pile fabrics



May 6, 1930.

I T. J. BAACHOIFEN PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR MAKiNG DOUBISE PILE FABRICS 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed May 10, 1929 3 INVENTOR W5. wan/11M 6.

AT-TORNEY May 6, 1930. T. J. BACHOFEN PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING DOUBLE FILE FABRICS Filed May 10, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 lN ENTOR I a n 'fi at Patented May 6, 1930 rnnonoa J. nacnoran,

PATENT OFF-ICE or wns'rnnoox, MAINE rnocEss AND Arranarus roe MAKING DOUBLE PILE rename Application filed May 10,

This invention relates to a process and apparatus for the manufacture of double pile fabrics, such as'transparent velvets, velours and plush, on ordinary high grade box looms.

In the art of making double pile fabrics special looms of very expensive type are employed, which cannot be used forweaving ordinary plain fabrics.

One object of the present invention is to provide a simple, practical and comparatively inexpensive device, readily attachable to the common types of box looms, by which they are converted and rendered capable of weav- 7 ing a double pile fabric, such as realand arti- 15 ficial silk, transparent velvets, velours or plushes and which may also be used for cote ton, woolen or worsted mixtures.

A further feature is in the provision of means to enable the pile interlacing thedouble cloth to be conveniently cut during the operation of weaving without any expensive alterations or changes in the loom.

Another purpose is to produceanovel and highly advantageous form of Weaving, at one operation, two completely. distinct but like sheets or piles of fabric, spaced apart but held one to the other until the pile threadsare separated centrallybetween the fabric sheets thus produced, thereby doubling the or- 30 dinary capacity of the loom,while at the same time making the highest quality of goods.

These important objects are accomplished by the novel construction, combination and arrangement of parts hereinafter described and illustrated in the accompanying draw= ings, constituting a material part of this disclosure, and in which i Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a conventional type of box loom showing the arrangement ofparts constituting the in vention, the drawing being largelydiagrammatic.

Figure 2 is a diagrammatical plan View showing parts of the elements in Fig. 1 and the disposition of the warp and filler threads during weaving. s

Figure 3 is a magnified perspective view showing the arrangement of threads in the woven fabric.

Figure 4 is a further enlarged sectional 1929. Serial as. 361,879.

View of the two plies or sheets of fabric connected by thepile threads.

Figure -5'is asimilar view of one of the plies after the pile threads have been cut and spread-apart. I

Figure 6 is a partial frontelevational View of the loomshowing the novel attachments comprising the invention.

Figure 7 is a transverse sectionalview taken on line 7-7 of Fig. 6 and drawn to an increased scale.

Figure 8 is a fragmentary plan view of the pilecutting knife, its guide and guard.

Figure 9 is a-similar view showing the pile knife anda modified form of guide bar.

As this invention relates solely to the art of Weaving and isof. interest mainly topersons'familiar with 'the art, only the essential elements of a box loom have been graphically' indlcated, the showing being largely diagrammatical, both 'of'the product and mechanismby which it is produced.

The particular product is a woven pile fabric, as shown in finished-condition in Fig. 5, which is generally indicative of a so-called transparent velvet, velour .or plush, having a fine web backing similar to goods known as chiffon, georgette or the like.

In this process of weaving two distinctly separate webs are produced respectively up-' per and lower, and generally designated A and B, both being alike and woven in opposed relatlon at one operation, the webs being spaced apart butconnected by interwoven yarns composed of a plurality offine strands or filaments, which, upon being severed transversely, intermediate the webs, separate and spread out in all directions constitute the pile C. p i

In greater detail the upper web A is formed by weaving two warp threads 6 and f in such manner as to pass respectively over and under two of the filler threads m and n, r

then reversing their relative position to enmesh the next single adjacent filler thread 0, again reversing to engage the next pair of filler threads at and n, thence reversing to pass around the single filled thread 0 and continuing in a like manner throughout the length of theweb.

The lower web B is formed in alike manner by the two warp threads 9 and h which enmesh pairs of filler threads 9, p and 9 etc. with intermediate filler threads 1", 7'', etc. in the foregoing manner, uniting every third filler thread with adjacent pairs of filler threads, a

The pile threads 0 and (Z are interwoven intermediate each pair of warp threads by passing over the filler thread m in the upper web A, extending to web B'to pass under q, over 1*, andunder p. then leading upwardly to pass over the tiller a, under 0, over m and down under 9', over 1", and under 19 to extend upwardly to the web A and recommence a ne'a series of similar weaving ad finitum.

From theforegoing it will be observed that the pile threads are effectively embedded and securely held in both webs A and B in a manner to be held fast therein when the webs are separated by severing the pile threads at a point intermediate the webs, as indicated in Fig. 4, the completed product being shown in Fi 5. I

'l he box loom structure by which this weavin'g effect is produced is characterized by be- "the heddles carriedby a series ofharnesses,

six in number and designated respectively 40. r here shown. 1

ing provided with a pile yarn beam 15, an upper ground binder thread beam 16 and lower ground b82t111-17 each having friction brake retarding means, as the weights 18 1920, differing'in degree of force as maybe desired. 7 r

The threads from the beams are guided by" rolls, respectively 2122.23,t0 be delivered in planes approximately in registration with 24 25262728'--29, these harnesses being actuated in timed relation, as per pattern, see Fig. 2, by means ordinarily employed, not

As will be well understood these harnesses movethe several threads to form sheds through'which the shuttle passes in disposing the weft or filler between the warp threads, at which time the reeds 31 of the lay 32 will be in a rearward position.

ihe united webs pass under a roll 33 ontheir way over the breast 34 of the loom, the breast being provided with a roll 35 over which the fabric passes, thence under a small-.

er roll 36 guiding the fabric around a sand roll 37, to pass over another guide roll 38 and thence to a suitable'container.

It may be noted that the upper. web A is.

- webs A and B, so as to extend from one to the other,'it will be apparent .that greater lengths V ofthe pile yarns are used than of the binder warps.

Referring-now more particularly to Figs. 1, 6 and 7 it will be seen that means are provided for cutting the pile yarns midway between the webs A and B, the device consisting of a long knife 40 slidably supported in a holder 41 reduced in widthv at its ends ,41

which are seated on shoes 43 slightly tapered downwardly towards theirfront edges and provided with overhanging rear edges 44 to receive the holder 41.

Preferably the knife holder'41is provided firmly securing it to the upper side of the.

breast beam 34 and the arrangement of the bolts is such that the'holder and knife therein may be given a slight camber or'bowed ef-' fect ifv desired. 7

Secured to the ends of outer ends in which are engaged hook eyes 4848,the former being secured at the end of-a flexible strap or cord 49 trained around a pair of idle pulleys 50 mounted upon a support stand 51 rigidly fixed on the breast beam 34 near one end. l r I A similar but opposed stand 52 at the other end supports idle pulleys 53 around which is trained a strap 49 having at one end the eye 48 and at the other end with a link ,54 conmeeting with the strap 49, the link being in sections between whichis interposed a coiled tension spring 55,.providing a suitable taut condition of the knife and its connections.

An inwardly extending arm 56 of the stand 52 has pivoted to it, at 57 ,a lever 58 provided, near its free end, with a series of perforations 59 in which may be selectively secured knife 40 are clips 46 having devices 47 pivoted to their a bolt 60, the head of which is secured to i the strap 49in a manner to communicate motion to the knife when the lever is moved.

.The outer, movable end of the'lever 58 is raised, as at 58 and contactable with its sides are collars 6l61 adjustably spaced on a rod 62 connected at its rear end by hinge 63 to a clip 64 bolted to a part of the reed frame or lay 32, which, during the process of weaviaq V ing, is constantly reciprocated, beating the weft threads last entered by the shuttle and moving the webs towards the front, at which time it is most desirable to draw the knife 40 against the pile yarns.

The amount of movement that is imparted to the lever may be regulated by the position of the collars 6161, and the position of the bolt 60 controls the movement transmitted to the knife.

Obviously upon swinging the rod 62 upward on the hinge 63 the motion of the knife ceases, permitting inspection and adjustment as may be required.

The foregoing disclosure is to be regarded as descriptive and illustrative only, and not as restrictive or limitative of the invention, of which obviously an embodiment may be constructed including many modifications without departing from the general scope herein indicated and denoted in the appended claims.

I Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new and desired to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a loom for weaving a double web pile fabric, a knife disposed over the breast-beam of theloom to enter between the webs of the fabric for severing the pile, means for guid ing, guarding and supporting said knife, means for maintaining the knife under tension, means actuated by the lay of the loom to transmit reciprocative motion ,to said knife, and means to adjust the movement of the knife in timed relation to the strokes of said lay.

2. In a loom for weaving a double web pile fabric, a rail fixed on the breast-beam of the loom, said rail having a longitudinal slot in its rear edge, a knife blade slidable in the slot, guards extending beyond the knife on both sides of the knife, said rail and knife entering between the webs of the fabric to. sever the pile, pairs of guide pulleys fixed on the loom breast-beam, a flexible strap trained over said pulleys and engaging the ends of said knife, a lever adjustably connected to said strap, means for stressing the strap, and means for adjustably actuating said lever operated by the lay of said loom.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

THEO. J. BACHOFEN. 

